酵素水解製程(Enzymatic hydrolysis process) Facebook Plurk Twitter

        相對於化學水解製程(Chemical hydrolysis process),利用酵素(Enzymes)水解纖維之研究,一直到第二次世界大戰期間,美軍為了瞭解造成南太平洋叢林中軍服與設備變壞之原因才開始,有趣的是,進行之研究原本要防止纖維素被水解,最後卻成為研究纖維水解脢(Cellulase)之起源。

         1960年代初期,當從纖維素水解取得醣分,成為食物來源之可能管道後,研究者開始探討如何提高酵素之水解能力。1960年代中期,當以與Trichoderma  reesei同類之纖維水解脢製備細胞外酵素(Extracellular enzyme)之技術被發現後,纖維水解脢在科學與商業上之應用成了熱門之議題;1973年,美軍認定纖維水解脢是一種可以將固體廢棄物轉換成食物與能源產物之工具。

        目前,採用酵素水解製程之生質乙醇工廠有加拿大之Iogen/Petro公司與美國之BC International 公司(BCI)。(U.S. DOE, 2006c)

        酵素水解製程包括前處理(Pretreatment)、酵素水解(Enzymatic hydrolysis)、醱酵階段(Fermentation)、產物分離與純化(Product separation and purification)等四步驟;其中,酵素水解與醱酵程序分開進行者,稱為「分開酵素水解與醱酵製程(Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation,SHF)」)(Alfani et al., 2000; Cantarella et al., 2004; Chen et al., 2007; Kim and Holtzapple, 2005; Larsson et al., 1997; Martín et al. 2002; Mohammed, 1996b; Öhgren et al., 2007b; Palmqvist et al., 1996; Sharma et al., 2002b; Sharma et al., 2004; Stenberg et al., 1998;  Tengborg et al., 1998;),如圖5所示;合併進行者稱為「同步醣化與醱酵製程(Simultaneous sccharification and fermentation,SSF)」(Alfani et al., 2000; Ballesteros et al., 1991; Ballesteros et al., 1993; Ballesteros et al., 2002b; Ballesteros et al., 2004; Cantarella et al., 2004; Chang et al., 2001; Chen and Jin, 2006;  Dawson and Boopathy, 2007;  Eklund and Zacchi, 1995; Hari Krishna et al., 1998; Hari Krishna et al., 1999; Hari Krishna et al., 2001; Karimi et al., 2006; Kàdàr et al., 2004; Martín et al., 2006; Oh et al., 1996; Öhgren et al., 2007b; Palmqvist et al., 1996; Rudolf et al., 2005; Saha et al., 2005a; Saha et al., 2005b; Sassner et al., 2006; Södeström et al., 2003; Sreenath et al., 2001; Stenberg et al., 2000a; Stenberg et al., 2000b; Tucker et al., 2003; Zhu et al., 2006b; Zhu et al., 2006d),如圖6所示。

SHF process

圖5水解與醱酵分離之酵素水解製程(Szengyel, 2000)

 

SSF process

圖6醣化與醱酵同步之酵素水解製程(U.S. DOE, 2006d)

 

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